Which of these processes does NOT require DNA replication?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Cell Division
D. Cell Growth

Why can the deletion of a single nitrogen base in DNA be harmful to an organism?
A. Deletion causes chromosomes to join backwards or to join the wrong chromosomes.
B. Deletion causes nearly every amino acid in the protein to change.
C. Deletion causes a gamete to have an extra chromosome.
D. Deletion causes chromosomes to join with the wrong chromosome.

Which of the following processes does NOT involve ribonucleic acid?
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Codon attachment to a ribosomes

Which processes results in an RNA copy of a DNA strand?
A. translation
B. transcription
C. replication
D. mitosis

Which does NOT describe restriction enzymes?
A. they are bacterial proteins.
B. they have the ability to cut double-stranded DNA.
C. they can carry DNA from one species into a host cell.
D. there are hundreds of restriction enzymes.

Which series correctly sequences interactions in nature from larger to smallest?
A. population, ecosystem, community
B. species, organism, community
C. ecosystem, community, population
D. community, population, ecosystem

Which terms are NOT related?
A. water cycle- precipitation
B. phosphorus cycle- evaporation
C. nitrogen cycle- nitrogen fixation
D. carbon cycle- photosynthesis

A manufacturing plant is located on the bank of a river. One day, toxic chemicals from the plant accidentally spilled into the river. Fish absorbed some of these chemicals into their bodies. Later, a hawk living near the river was found to have the same toxic chemicals in its system. Which statement best explains why?
A. the chemicals entered the air.
B. the chemicals entered the food chain.
C. the chemicals were contagious.
D. the chemicals commonly are found in the environment.

Based on what you’ve learned about the cycling of material through ecosystems, predict which material would most likely be added to a chemical fertilizer to increae soil productivity.
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. N2
D. NO3

Thank you so much

a. recombinant plasmids of bacteria
b. recombinant viral DNA
c. eukaryotic chromosomes
d. A and B
E. A, B, and C

1. Heterotrphs

a)obtain energy by carrying out photosynthesis

b)contain chloroplast

c)obtain energy by ingesting other organisms

d)absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

2. The reactions of photosynthesis occurs when

a)occurs in the cytoplasm
b)begin when light strikes cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane
c)begin when light strikes chlorophyll molecules in thylakoid membranes
d)begin when light strikes the cristae of mitochondria

3.ACCESSORY pigments

a)protect skin from harmful ultraviolet rays
b)begin the process of photosynthesis
c)include chlorophyll
d)are responsible for the colours of autumn leaves

4. Aerobic cellular respiration

a) produces glucose
b)ovccurs in mitochondria
c)occurs in chloroplasts
d)produces oxygen

5. Glycolysis

a)breaks glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
b)produces 34 molecules of ATP
c)occurs in mitochondria
d)procues carbon dioxide

6.Mitochondria

a)carry out glycolysis
b)contain their own DNA
c)are needed only by plant cells
d)are not found in the cells of large animals such as humans

7.Ethanol Fermentation

a)occurs in human muscle cells
b)produces lactate and ethanol
c)produces carbon dioxide gas
d)occurs in mitochondria
this isn’t my homework, im a teacher just doing this for fun..

1. Heterotrphs

a)obtain energy by carrying out photosynthesis

b)contain chloroplast

c)obtain energy by ingesting other organisms

d)absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

2. The reactions of photosynthesis occurs when

a)occurs in the cytoplasm
b)begin when light strikes cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane
c)begin when light strikes chlorophyll molecules in thylakoid membranes
d)begin when light strikes the cristae of mitochondria

3.ACCESSORY pigments

a)protect skin from harmful ultraviolet rays
b)begin the process of photosynthesis
c)include chlorophyll
d)are responsible for the colours of autumn leaves

4. Aerobic cellular respiration

a) produces glucose
b)ovccurs in mitochondria
c)occurs in chloroplasts
d)produces oxygen

5. Glycolysis

a)breaks glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
b)produces 34 molecules of ATP
c)occurs in mitochondria
d)procues carbon dioxide

6.Mitochondria

a)carry out glycolysis
b)contain their own DNA
c)are needed only by plant cells
d)are not found in the cells of large animals such as humans

7.Ethanol Fermentation

a)occurs in human muscle cells
b)produces lactate and ethanol
c)produces carbon dioxide gas
d)occurs in mitochondria

1. What kind of cells are like soldiers in the cellular immunity response, because locate and destroy infected body cells?
A. Mast cells
B. Lymphocytes
C. B cells
D. T cells

2. Which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific defense?
A. Production of antibodies
B. Inflammation

C. Release of histamines
D. Fever

3. How does the body tell the difference between its own cells and foreign cells?
A. Memory cells recognize different kinds of cells.
B. Foreign cells have different DNA.
C. It recognizes antigens on the cell surface
D. It cannot differentiate between types of cells

4. What is the main difference between cellular immunity and humoral immunity?
A. Antibodies are produced in cellular immunity.
B. T cells do not play a role in humoral immunity.
C. Phagocytes do not play a role in humoral immunity.
D. Antibodies are produced in humoral immunity.

5. Why must donated tissue be analyzed before it is transplanted into another person?
A. To prevent the recipient’s body from attacking and rejecting the tissue as foreign
B. To eliminate the introduction of pathogens into the recipient
C. To prevent the recipient’s red blood cells from clotting
D. To prevent the formation of antigens in the donated tissue

6. How are antibiotics different from antiseptics?
A. Antiseptics work inside of the body; antibiotics work outside of the body.
B. Antibiotics target one type of pathogen; antiseptics are not specific.
C. Antiseptics destroy the cell wall of pathogens; antibiotics destroy the cell membrane.
D. Antiseptics prevent pathogens from reproducing; antibiotics kill pathogens.

7. Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?
A. The mutation rate of bacteria has increased.
B. Antibiotics are not as effective as they once were.
C. Bacteria no longer have cell walls.
D. Use of antibiotics has become more common.

8. What is the function of a vaccine?
A. To prevent an illness by causing a person to develop acquired immunity
B. To kill pathogens by releasing immunity chemicals in the blood
C. To cure diseases by creating antibiotics in the marrow and blood
D. To produce cellular immunity through long-term exposure

9. How does your body fight a pathogen if you have been vaccinated?
A. Your memory B cells make antibodies right away.
B. Your memory T cells make antibodies right away.
C. Your memory B cells make antibiotics right away.
D. Your memory T cells make antibiotics right away.

10. Why don’t vaccines that are made of living cells cause disease?
A. The pathogen’s antigens have been removed.
B. The pathogen has had its genetic material removed.
C. The pathogen is attacked by memory B cells.
D. The pathogen has been weakened.

Which molecules in eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?

a transcription factors
b recombinant DNA
c plasmids
d lactose

What would happen if a chemical interfered with the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to a DNA molecule?

a The DNA molecule would replicate itself.
b Transcription would proceed, and a protein would be produced.
c The RNA polymerase would cut the DNA molecule in half.
d Transcription would not take place, and the protein would not be produced.

Strep throat is transmitted primarily through __?__
a. the air b. digestive system c. animal bites d. cuts in the skin e.food and water
2.pathogens that enter the digestive system _?_
a. pass through the stomach unchanged b. may be destroyed by the gastric jucies in the stomach c. become part of the metabolism d. are harmless antigens e. none of the above
3.the core of a virus is _?_
a. protein b. DNA or RNA c. toxins d. the nucleus e. amino acid
4.Typhoid fever and hepatitis can be directly related to _?_
a. bat bites b. poor sanitation c. a birth defect d. improper disposal of handkerchiefs e.all of the above
5.active immunity _?_
a. may take days or weeks to develop b. may last a life time c. all of the above d.may be acquired by the injection of a vaccine e.may be aquired by having the disease
6.venereal dsease can be transmitted by _?_
a. drinking from the same glass as an infected person
b. unmarried people only c. dirty toilet seats d. poor sanitation e.direct sexual contact with an infected person
7.a virus is capable of _?_
a. causing strep throat b. secreting poisonous toxins c. decomposing organix material d. carrying oxygen to cells in the body e.introducing new genetic information to a cell
8.the resistance of an organism to disease is known as _?_
a. terminal b.unhealthy c. germicide d. immunity e.susceptibility
9.pathogenic bacteria cause harm _?_
a. by changing the genetic code b. to plants, but not to animals c.by making carbohydrates d. by introducing new DNA material to the cell e.through the action of their toxins
10.bacteria can act as _?_
a. RNA b.enzymes c. carbohydrates d. spores e. none of the above
11.white blood cells _?_
a. are pathogens b. can ingest pathogens c.aid in digestion d.must remain inside the blood vessels e.are antigens
12.bacteria _?_
a.are all pathogenic b.produce DNA c.should be eliminated from the biosphere d. can serve as decomposers e.are large organisms that cause disease
13.pathogens that invade the body called _?_
a.immunities b.antipasto c.antibodies d.antigens e.antibiotics
14.infectious diseases that attack the respiratory system are usually transmitted _?_
a.by dog bites b.through the air c.through open cuts d.in food and water e. none of the above
15.infectious diseases may result from _?_
a.malnutrition b.improper fuctioning of parts of the body
c.oversecreation of endocrine glands d.imperfectly formed organs of the body e.microorganisms that are harmful to the body

1. Which of the following infectious organisms is the smallest?
A. Prion
B. Viroid
C. Virus
D. Bacteria

2. What shape is the virus in Figure 18.1?

A. Helical
B. Cocci
C. Polyhedral
D. Bacilli

3. In the virus in Figure 18.1, what structure is labeled C?

A. Spike
B. Envelope
C. DNA
D. Capsid

4. Which of the following is NOT a way that prokaryotes benefit ecosystems?
A. Recycle hydrogen through the ecosystem
B. Recycle carbon through the ecosystem
C. Produce oxygen through photosynthesis
D. Produce carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

5. In a lysogenic infection, once the DNA of the virus is incorporated into the bacterial DNA, the DNA is
called a
A. prion.
B. viroid.
C. prophage.
D. plasmid.

6. The normal bacteria present on our skin are beneficial becaus
A. they fill the niche so harmful bacteria cannot grow there.
B. they can not cause diseases in our bodies.
C. they open the niche for harmful bacteria to grow.
D. they cause minor diseases that are easily treated.

7. A bacteria that is capable of living in an environment with or without oxygen is called a(n)
A. obligate anaerobe.
B. obligate aerobe.
C. facultative anaerobe.
D. facultative aerobe.

8. In the bacterium in Figure 18.2, what is the structure labeled B?

A. Pili
B. DNA
C. Plasmid
D. Flagellum

9. In the bacterium in Figure 18.2, what is the structure labeled C?

A. Pili
B. Cell wall
C. Plasmid
D. Flagellum

10. Bioremediation uses microbes to
A. produce carbohydrates.
B. clean up pollutants.
C. convert atmospheric nitrogen.
D. break down food.

11. When used properly, antibiotics can fight
A. viral infections.
B. fungal infections.
C. HIV infections.
D. bacterial infections.

12. Prokaryotes provide ________ to humans and other organisms
A. habitats.
B. antibiotics.
C. nutrients
D. endocytosis

13. An infectious particle made of a strand of nucleic acid surrounded by protein is a
A. bacteria.
B. virus.
C. viroid.
D. prion.

14. Viruses that infect bacteria are called
A. bacteriophages.
B. helical viruses.
C. polyhedral viruses.
D. prophages.

15. Which of the following type of infectious agent can cause an infected host cell to burst in a lytic infection?

A. Bacteria
B. Fungus
C. Prion
D. Virus

16. When HIV causes a lysogenic infection, it can remain dormant for years. When it becomes a lytic
infection, it
A. causes no symptoms.
B. destroys white blood cells.
C. mutates infrequently.
D. can no longer cause AIDS.

17. An endospore may survive a drought because it is protected by a
A. hollow bridge.
B. thick wall.
C. plasmid replication.
D. plasma membrane.

18. How do humans benefit from bacteria living in the digestive system?
A. Bacteria adapt to fluctuations in temperature.
B. Bacteria get food and a place to live.
C. Bacteria produce vitamins humans need.
D. Humans make nitrogen the bacteria can use.

19. Chemicals that kill bacteria or slow their growth are called
A. toxins.
B. antibiotics.
C. endospores.
D. plasmids.

20. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to multidrug resistance in
A. humans.
B. bacteria.
C. viruses.
D. antibiotics.

21. Bacteria can cause disease to a host by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Invading tissues and attacking cells.
B. Making poisons that are transported through blood.
C. Producing antibodies to make a vaccine ineffective.
D. Making toxins that are carried by blood.

22. A person is given antibiotics to combat pneumonia. After two days, the person feels better and decides not to continue taking the medicine. This could help the bacteria evolve because it
A. allows bacteria that were somewhat resistant to live.
B. introduces new bacteria into the system.
C. increases the number of antibiotics prescribed.
D. decreases the amount of bacteria that survive.

23. Using antibiotics when bacteria are not causing an illness may make some bacteria
A. avoid the organism beng treated.
B. become extinct due to overexposure.
C. resisant to the antibiotics used.
D. produce fewer toxins that usual.

24. Which of the following is NOT a factor in bacteria becoming antibiotic resistant?
A. misuse
B. animal use
C. overuse
D. underuse

25. Prokaryotes benefit plants by
A. providing antibiotic resistance to roots
B. converting nitrogen into a useable form
C. producing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
D. producing endospores for survival

9. A search for sequences that are complementary to the desired sequence of a DNA fragment uses a technique called
A. plasmid insertion
B. vector extraction
C. cloning
D. electrophoresis
E. hybridization
10. All of the following involve genetic engineering techniques except
A. cutting and rearranging the DNA
B. using restriction enzymes to cut specific
sequences of DNA
C. cloning the genes into the host organism
D. using any cell as a vector
E. only a, b, and c are correct
11. A plasmid must have an origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E. coli independently of the chromosome and
A. a phage capable of infecting the E. coli bacterium
B. a tissue plasminogen activator
C. multiple cloning sites
D. a selectable marker, usually antibiotic resistance
E. only a, b, and c are correct
12. DNA fragments complementary to the DNA being investigated are referred to as
A. rDNA
B. cDNA
C. mDNA
D. tDNA

1. one scientist who attempted to explain how rock layers form and change over time was
A thomas malthus
b james hutton
c charles darwin
d jean-baptiste lamarck

2. lamaracks theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a specie appear as a result of

a continual increase in population size
b the action of organisms as they use or fail to use body structure
c an unchanging local enviroment
d the natural variation already present within the population of organism

3. when lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. which part of darwins concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation

a acquired characteristics
b reproductive isolation
c survival of the fittest
d descent with modification

4. according to darwins thery of natural selection the individuals thaty tend to survive are those that have

a characteristics their parents acquire by use and disuse
b characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
c the greatest number of offspring
d variations best suited to the enviroment

5. darwins concept of evolution was not influenced by

a thework of lyell.
b knowledge to the structure of DNA
c his collection of specimen
d his trip on the H.M.S beagle

6. the number and location of bones of many fossils vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. most biologyst would probably explin this fact on the basis of

a the needs of the organisms
b a common ancestor
c the struggle for existence
d the inheritence of acquired traits

8.darwin viewed the fossil record as

a evidence that earth was thousands of years old
b a record of evolution
c inserting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species
d evidence that traits are acqured through use or disuse

9.darwins theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of

a natural variation and natural selection
b use and disuse
c a tendancy toward perfect, unchanging species
d the transmission of acquired characteristics

10. what proportion of all species that ever lived has become extinct

a less than 1 percent
b approximately onehalf
c more than 99 percent
d 100 percent

11. two gases that probably existed in earths early atmosphere are

a oxygen and hydrogen sulfde
b water vapor and oxygen
c oxygen and carbon
d hydrogen ccyanine and carbon monoxide

12. when a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

a natural selection
b artificial selection
c artificial variation
d survival of the fittest

13. in the 1800s charles lyell emphasized that

a the human population will outgrow the available food supply
b all population evolve through natural selection
c earth is a few thousand years old
d past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today

14. in 1859 darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work entitled

a principles of geology
b essay on the principle of population
c evolution in malaysia
d on the origin of species

15. an adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be

a physical or behavioral
b phyiscal or geographycal
c acquired during the organisms lifetime
d the result of artificial selection

16. Darwins theory of evolution suggest that

a species change over time
b extinct species are not related to living species
c differemt species can interbreed
d animals that look alike are the most closely relate