1. Which is most characteristic of metaphase?
replication of a cell’s DNA
positioning of chromosomes on the equatorial plate of a cell
movement of centrioles to the poles of a cell
rest

2.An analogy for the nucleus of a cell is a community’s __________.
waste management services
manufacturing plants
police station
City Hall

3. Which of the following is evidence that mitochondria might have once been free-living organisms that were incorporated into the cell?
They work independently in the cell.
They are capable of duplicating themselves.
They have no membrane.
They are extremely small.

4.Which would have a greater surface-area-to-volume ratio, a large cell or a small cell?
the large cell
the small cell
The two cells have the same surface-area-to-volume ratio.
There is no way to know.

What are some differences between Chromosomes and Plasmids??

1. Cell Growth occurs. _____
2. Nuclear division occurs. _____
3. Chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells. ___
4. Protein production is high. ____
5. Chromosomes are duplicated. _____
6. DNA synthesis occurs. _____
7. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this period. ____
8. Mitochondria and other organelles are manufactured. ____

Let’s assume that you do not believe in a creator of the universe or animals (including Humans). Let’s also assume that you understand the complex codes of DNA and how they work and reproduce themselves.
If you stumble upon a highly technical manual a million pages thick and written in an efficient elegant code, would you conclude that the book somehow wrote itself? What if the book was so small that you needed a microscope to read it? And what if it contained precise instructions for the manufacture of a self replicating intelligent machine with billions of parts, all of which had to be fitted together at precisely the right time and in the right way?
Would it enter your mind that this book (our DNA) just happened by chance without someone or something to write it?
If so, Why?
Look..it is not my problem that most people commenting can not understand that DNA is a CODE. Yes, it may be a chemical code but it is still a code. Books/paper…Cells/chromosomes are ways of carrying and storing information. This is not rocket science. I asked why you think that it would just write itself..not what you think I should do or where I should go. Grow up for a moment.

1. Which disease is NOT caused by a viral infection? (1 point)
Influenza
Hepatitis B
Herpes
Tuberculosis

2. Rod-shaped bacteria are called _____. (1 point)
Spirilla
Pathogenic
bacilli
cocci

3. What lies at the core of a virus particle? (1 point)
DNA or RNA
Carbohydrate
Protein
A capsid

4. If a virus has taken over the cell and is manufacturing copies of itself at a rapid rate, the virus is experiencing this stage of its life cycle. (1 point)
Metaphase
The lysogenic cycle
Telophase
The lytic cycle

5. These medicines are effective at preventing some viral infection in humans. (1 point)
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Aspirin
Ibuprophen

6. These bacteria cannot produce their own food and must absorb nutrients from their surroundings. (1 point)
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic bacteria
Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic bacteria

7. Viruses are ______________. (1 point)
living organisms in the kingdom Archaebacteria
nonliving parasitic particles
responsible for diseases like tetanus and syphilis
classified as obligate aerobes

8. Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen are given this name. (1 point)
Saprobes
Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Obligate anaerobes

9. Virus undergo replication by _______________. (1 point)
duplicating its chromosomes and undergoing mitosis
reducing its chromosomes by half and undergoing meiosis
injecting its genes into a living cell
simple binary fission

10. Bacteria exchange genetic information in a process called _____ using a cellular extension called _____. (1 point)
binary fission; cilia
mitosis; flagellum
conjugation; pilus
kissing; lips

1. Which disease is NOT caused by a viral infection? (1 point)
Influenza
Hepatitis B
Herpes
Tuberculosis
2. Rod-shaped bacteria are called _____. (1 point)
Spirilla
Pathogenic
bacilli
cocci
3. What lies at the core of a virus particle? (1 point)
DNA or RNA
Carbohydrate
Protein
A capsid
4. If a virus has taken over the cell and is manufacturing copies of itself at a rapid rate, the virus is experiencing this stage of its life cycle. (1 point)
Metaphase
The lysogenic cycle
Telophase
The lytic cycle
5. These medicines are effective at preventing some viral infection in humans. (1 point)
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Aspirin
Ibuprophen
6. These bacteria cannot produce their own food and must absorb nutrients from their surroundings. (1 point)
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic bacteria
Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic bacteria
7. Viruses are ______________. (1 point)
living organisms in the kingdom Archaebacteria
nonliving parasitic particles
responsible for diseases like tetanus and syphilis
classified as obligate aerobes
8. Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen are given this name. (1 point)
Saprobes
Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Obligate anaerobes
9. Virus undergo replication by _______________. (1 point)
duplicating its chromosomes and undergoing mitosis
reducing its chromosomes by half and undergoing meiosis
injecting its genes into a living cell
simple binary fission
10. Bacteria exchange genetic information in a process called _____ using a cellular extension called _____. (1 point)
binary fission; cilia
mitosis; flagellum
conjugation; pilus
kissing; lips

21. Autotrophs convert sunlight to ______.
A. Sugar
B. Cellulose
C. Proteins
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

22. One of your assignments for this course is to do a Research/Portfolio paper.
A. True
B. False

23. A charged atom is called an ion.
A. True
B. False

24. The transmission electron microscope is a very important instrument in viewing living specimens.
A. True
B. False

25. Each element is represented by a symbol on the Periodic Table.
A. True
B. False

26. A child inherits ___ chromosomes from the mother and _____ chromosomes from the father.
A. 22, 22
B. 23, 23
C. 46, 46
D. 23, 46
E. 22, 46

27. If two opposing traits are present the one not expressed is called the _____ trait.
A. Dominant
B. Recessive

28. "Kilo" means 1000 times.
A. True
B. False

29. Carbon atoms are found in every form of life.
A. True
B. False

30. Inductive reasoning takes a _____.
A. General rule and applies it to a specific case.
B. Particular set of observations and makes a general rule.

31. You should use the Study Guide for each Unit as you work on the lessons and quizzes in the unit.
A. True
B. False

32. Proteins help to build and repair the body’s tissues, red blood cells, hair, and help form bones and muscles.
A. True
B. False

33. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used to drive chemical reactions.
A. True
B. False

34. A theory is based on much observation and experiments.
A. True
B. False

35. A scientific law is when a theory has been tested over and over again and the results do not change.
A. True
B. False

36. Each element is different because their atoms have different number of _____.
A. Electrons
B. Protons
C. Neutrons

37. During the light dependent reactions–a photon of light excites the chlorophyll, and one of its electrons moves to a higher energy orbital.
A. True
B. False

38. Increasing the oxygen and decreasing the carbon dioxide around a plant, causes the rate of photosynthesis to increase.
A. True
B. False

39. Enzymes have the ability to help build cells and they also have the ability to breakdown cells.
A. True
B. False

40. Asexual reproduction involves the union of gametes to form a zygote.
A. True
B. False

41. Acidic solutions have pH values _____.
A. Above 7
B. Above 9
C. Above 13
D. Below 7

42. The two types of fermentation are alcoholic and _____.
A. Nucleic acids
B. Lactic acid
C. Organic acid
D. Oxygen acid
E. Proteins

43. Some internal regulators make sure that mitosis doesn’t start until all the chromosomes have replicated.
A. True
B. False

44. The _____ through a series of chemical reactions captures solar energy (sunlight) and converts it to sugars and carbohydrates (chemical energy) in which it is stored until needed.
A. Chloroplast
B. Cell wall
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Vacuole

45. Fermentation is a process which allows further energy to be removed from food molecules even in the absence of oxygen, anaerobic conditions.
A. True
B. False

46. The process of glycolysis begins with the breakdown of _____.
A. Glucose
B. G3P
C. Sucrose
D. Maltose

47. A denatured enzyme is an enzyme whose shape has been changed.
A. True
B. False

48. _____ is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
A. Active Transport
B. Diffuse
C. Osmosis
D. Phagocytosis

49. Today, the term biotechnology generally means the use of molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, cloning, and other recent scientific approaches to produce plants and animals with new traits.
A. True
B. False

50. If a (Tt) plant is crossed with another (Tt) plant, the phenotypic ratio of the offspring would be _____.
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 3:1
D. 4:1
E. 6:1

biology help

28.You were told that genes code for proteins. Which statement below best indicates that genes specify amino acid sequences in proteins?
a.DNA is transcribed into a mRNA molecule
b.DNA is composed of 4 kinds of nucleotides
c.Ribosomes contain RNA
d.A change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene (DNA) will cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide (protein).
e.DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is single stranded.

29.Mendel’s Principle of Segregation applies to traits whose two alleles:
a.Exist in only dominant and recessive forms.
b.Are on different sets of chromosomes.
c.Are incompletely dominant
d.Are inherited in a polygenic fashion
e.Are inherited in a pliotrophic fashion

31.Speciation by means of Natural Selection is thought to require which of the following conditions in order to occur:
a.Time, geographical Isolation, and the availability of niches to evolve into.
b.Independent Assortment of alleles in the population’s gene pool must occur.
c.Independent Segregation of alleles in the population’s gene pool must occur.
d.Non-disjunction of homologous chromosomes must occur.
e.Polygenic inheritance of the traits involved must occur.

32.Aphids can reproduce asexually or sexually as needed. They are likely to rely on sexual reproduction when more individual variation in the population is advantageous:
a.Environmental conditions are good, meaning they are unchanging
b.Environmental conditions are bad, meaning that they are constantly changing
c.When temperature conditions remain the same year after year
d.When the production of food remains the same year after year
e.When there are very few aphids competing for food from the host plant

i know its alot of ?`s but if you can help @ all it would be appreciated!
1-what features do we use to identify bacteria?
2-what roles do bacteria serve in the environment?
3-what was a problem with traditional classification
4-how many taxonomic categories did Linnaeus define? What is the largest? most specific?
5-what are the different types of isolation?
6-what are the 2 main sources of genetic variation?
7-what are the polygenic and single gene traits?
8-how do we represent polygenic traits?
9-what is the DNA nucleotide composed of?
10-what is the structure of DNA?
11-which bases pair in DNA?
12-how is RNA different from DNA?
13-what controls the timing of the cell cycle?
14-what are the products of mitosis and cytokinesis?
15-during the cell cycle, when do chromosomes become visible?

IF YOU CAN HELP ME, THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!!!!!

I did a kiwi experiment and I was asked to answer this question. I know how the first two barriers are broken:
cutting the kiwi break the cell wall
using detergent break the cell membrane
nuclear membrane?
chromosomes?
I can’t figure out the rest of the four. can anyone help!