Why is it necessary for a plasmid vector that can be used for molecular cloning in bacteria to carry a
gene that can provide drug resistance to its host bacterium?

What is energy and where does it come from? Energy is the ability to do work and supplies the force that makes things move. You get energy from the rays of the sun and from molecules like carbon dioxide and water. Why you ask this is related to mitochondria and chloroplasts? Chloroplasts use the light from the sun to break molecular bonds of sugar to turn it into usable energy, or chemical energy by photosynthesis. Mitochondria use oxygen and molecules from nutrients of food to generate the needed compound to be combined as the chemical energy for the cell.
These organelles are found in the cytoplasm but depend where. For example, mitochondria are found in each cell of fungi, plants, bacteria, and animals. Chloroplasts undertake a similar function in the cells of plants. If you think about it, these organelles are absolutely essential to the existence of all higher forms of life on Earth. If all of the mitochondria in our bodies were to suddenly shut down, we would die. The same is true for plants were they to lose their chloroplasts. Without these organelles, how would we live? The mitochondria give off carbon dioxide and water to the chloroplast. From the chloroplast, they give off oxygen and glucose to the mitochondria. So how would we live? Without these the plants would not have any carbon dioxide and we would not have any oxygen and glucose.
The functions of mitochondria converts’ energy through a process called cell respiration. For this, cell respiration can either go through anerobic or aerobic. Anerobic, or another word fermentation, means without oxygen going through alcohol or lactic. Aerobic means no oxygen and they produce more ATP molecules than anerobic. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, take place of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of making sugar by light. The formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O = [light] = C6H12O6 + 6O2.
As microscopes improved over the years, scientists began noticing striking similarities in the appearances of mitochondria and chloroplasts. They discovered that these two organelles contain their own small DNA, or genetic information. Their size is also different. Mitochondria are about one to ten micrometers and chloroplasts are about two micrometers, so that’s a difference. Mitochondria are a structure of a prokaryotic cell. Chloroplasts contain stacks of thylakoids in stroma. They also have two membranes that surround them which are called outer and inner.
Going through the process for these organelles are some what similar. They have an E.T.C. which is electron transport chain, and then they go from ADP to ATP in some way.
oops its my essay!!!

In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be..

A) the production of endospores among the bacterium’s progeny.
B) the rapid spread of tetracycline resistance to other bacteria in that habitat.
C) the temporary possession by this bacterium of a completely diploid genome.
D) a transformed bacterium
E) the subsequent loss of tetracycline resistance from this bacterium.

a. recombinant plasmids of bacteria
b. recombinant viral DNA
c. eukaryotic chromosomes
d. A and B
E. A, B, and C

a. a vehicle for the insertion of foreign genes into bacteria
b. recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands
c. surfaces for protein synthesis in eukaryotic recombinants
d. surfaces for respiratory processes in bacteria
e. proviruses incorporated into the host DNA

1) Expose the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells which dont have the plasmid
2) Use an electron microscope
3) Take out the DNA from al lthe cells to see which ones have the plasmids
4) Make antibodies for each bacterium that has a recombinent plasmid.

Hey guys/ gals, im having trouble on 2 biology questions and was wondering if you could help?

1st: If ancient prokaryotes had not evolved a way to use water as a source of electrons and protons, which of the following processes is least likely to have evolved later on?
A) Enzyme catabolism
B) the Kerbs cycle
C) Protein synthesis
D) fermentation
E) glycolysis

2nd: Foods can be preserved in many ways by slowing or preventing bacterial growth. Which of the following methods and materials would not substantially inhibit bacterial growth?
A) Refrigeration: Slows bacterial metabolism and growth.
B) Closing previously opened containers: Prevents more bacterial from entering.
C) Pickling: creates a pH at which bacterial enzymes will not function.
D) Canning in heavy sugar syrup: Creates osmotic conditions that remove water from bacterial cells.
E) Irradiation: Kills bacteria by mutating their DNA

Thanks for the help, honestly the textbook isn’t helping with what i would consider horrible questions.

P.S. Explanations always win my vote

I just talked to my science teacher today, and I think we will be doing bacterial research on either luminescence or energy production (ie: which ones are most luminescent for use in flashlights? etc.). He told me to look up which bacterial species and plasmids I wanted to work with and said he could help with the ordering. Do you have any bacteria/plasmid suggestions?

In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be

a transformed bacterium.
the production of endospores among the bacterium’s progeny.
the subsequent loss of tetracycline resistance from this bacterium.
the temporary possession by this bacterium of a completely diploid genome.
the rapid spread of tetracycline resistance to other bacteria in that habitat.

are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be

a. a transformed bacterium
b. the rapid spread of tetracycline resistance to other bacteria in that habitat
c. the subsequent loss of tetracycline resistance in this bacterium
d. the production of endospores among the bacterium’s progeny
e. the temporary possession by this bacterium of a completely diploid genome